The following is from: Christian
Beginnings, Geza Vermes pages 91, 92, 98
Paul inherited from his predecessors a second great cult
practice, the communal meal, referred to as the ‘breaking of the bread’ as well
as ‘thanksgiving’ or eucharist in Greek. As in the case of baptism, Paul
supplied a new meaning to the community meal and turned it into an imitation
and repetition of the ‘Lord’s Supper’. …
Paul implies that the mythical significance of this meal was
revealed to him directly by Christ: ‘I received from the Lord what I also
handed on to you’ (1 Cor. 11:23). He does not say that it came to him through apostolic
tradition as the story of the death, burial and resurrection of the Saviour: ‘I
handed over to you what I in turn had received’ (1 Cor. 15:3). If my
understanding is correct, the mystical significance of the Last Supper must not
be attributed to the Synoptic evangelists composing their accounts between ad 70
and 100, but to Paul writing in the early 50s. It seems that the idea entered
the tradition of the Gospels of Mark and Matthew through Luke, Paul’s disciple,
whose Last Supper account mirrors that of his teacher. Only Paul and Luke
mention Jesus’ command relating to the repetition of the ritual. For Paul the
rite comprised a twofold allegory: the participation of the believers in the
redemptive acts of the death and resurrection of Christ, and their assimilation
into the mystical body of Jesus and the church. … The breaking of the bread or
the ‘Lord’s Supper’, as perceived through Paul’s eyes, became the cornerstone
of the cultic edifice of Gentile Christianity in his day and has remained so
ever since.
None of the letters of Paul include a general code of
behaviour for members of his churches. As a rule, he offered them, in the
concluding part of several of his letters, a long or short list of moral rules
inspired by, and reflecting, the Jewish ethics of the age….
It is remarkable that neither the Pastoral Epistles nor the Teaching of
the Twelve Apostles assign any particular role to the bishops and presbyters in
the conduct of the Lord’s Supper. Their duties were exclusively didactic and
pastoral. The Eucharist was a communal ceremony and the other principal rite, baptism,
also could be administered by anyone.